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Revisiones en Cáncer H0154

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Revisión

Emesis y quimioterapia. Más allá de los setrones y los antagonistas del receptor NK1

Publicado: 2023-03-29

VOLUMEN 36, NÚM. 2, marzo-abril (2022), PAG. 59-112

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La dexametasona es un fármaco eficaz en la profilaxis de náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia. Debe formar parte de los regímenes antieméticos para quimioterapia del alto y moderado potencial emético; en monoterapia puede ser utilizada en la profilaxis de quimioterapia de bajo potencial emético. En regímenes de quimioterapia de moderado potencial emético es posible reducir la dosis total de dexametasona sin perder eficacia antiemética. Olanzapina se ha demostrado como un fármaco eficaz en la profilaxis de regímenes de quimioterapia de alto potencial emético y debe ser de primera elección en el tratamiento de la emesis imprevista a pesar de profilaxis en el caso de que no fuese parte de la combinación antiemética administrada en profilaxis. Los agentes antidopaminérgicos pueden ser fármacos de uso en la emesis imprevista a pesar de profilaxis. Investigaciones futuras deberán definir el papel de amisulprida. Las benzodiacepinas pueden ser de utilidad en el control de la emesis anticipatoria.

Palabras Clave: Emesis inducida por quimioterapia. Dexametasona. Corticoides. Metoclopramida. Antagonistas del receptor de dopamina. Olanzapina. Benzodiacepinas.

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