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Revisiones en Cáncer H0150

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Revisión

Patofisiología y principios terapéuticos de las náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia

Publicado: 2023-03-29

VOLUMEN 36, NÚM. 2, marzo-abril (2022), PAG. 59-112

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Las náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia (NVIQ) representan una complicación frecuente en el paciente oncológico. Actualmente su fisiopatología no está esclarecida por completo. Parecer ser que la emesis puede estar relacionada con distintos neurotransmisores que se liberan predominantemente en el tracto gastrointestinal ejerciendo su acción en áreas del tronco encefálico encargadas del reflejo emético. Hay tres tipos de NVIQ: agudos, tardíos y anticipatorios; saber reconocerlos es fundamental para su correcto manejo y prevención. La probabilidad de aparición de NVIQ está determinada por factores que van a depender del paciente (edad, sexo, alcohol…) y factores que están más relacionados con el tratamiento antineoplásico (tipo de fármaco, velocidad y formas de administración). En la actualidad disponemos de una gran variedad de fármacos antieméticos entre los que destacan los antagonistas del receptor de la serotonina y de la neurocinina-1 (NK1).

Palabras Clave: Náuseas. Vómitos. Quimioterapia. Neurotransmisor.

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Bibliografía
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